Blister
Bubbles of different sizes formed on the varnish's surface.

Bow Warping
Lengthwise deformation of the plank. It can be convex or concave.

Brown Line
A mineral line on the wood surface. Brown lines are normally brown or dark.




Colour Variation
Colour inconsistency across different sections of a plank.

Crack
A separation along the grain, the greater part of which occurs between the annual growth rings.

Cup Warping
Widthwise deformation of the plank. It can be convex or concave.



  

Cutted and Chatter mark
Marks of similar shape and size with certain pattern left on the machined surface during cutting or sanding.




Dead knot
A dark, hard and possibly loose knot.




Discolouration
Natural colour changes.




Exposed Undercoat
Spots left without varnish.




False Heart Wood
The heartwood of some wood species, which becomes darker in colour, uneven in tone or irregular in shape.

Fungus
Change in colour and properties due to mildew.




Heartwood
The dead inner core of a tree. Usually much harder and darker than the newer wood.




Inbark
An area of encased bark generally caused by a wound around which normal wood has grown.




Live Knot
A knot that is solid across its face, at least as hard as the surrounding wood, and shows no indication of decay.







Moisture Content
The amount of moisture trapped in wood cells.




Nib
Particle stuck onto the varnish's surface.




Pin Holes
Tiny holes formed on the varnish surface.

Pith
The soft core in the centre of a tree trunk.




Resin Pocket
A pocket of resinous sap confined within the wood grain.




Rot
Decomposed wood.




Sapwood
The new wood in a tree that lies between the bark and the heartwood.
Sapwood is usually lighter in colour and becomes heartwood as the tree ages.

Spring Warping
Edgewise deformation affecting the straightness of the plank.



  

Stain
An unnatural discolouration such as blue stain, brown stain, etc.




Tongue & Groove (T&G)
A joinery method where one board is cut with a protruding edge along its side and a matching piece is cut with a matching channel along its edge.




Wane
The absence of a piece of wood, normally happening at the edge of a plank.

Wormholes
Insect-excavated holes and channels.

Wrinkling
Creases formed on the varnish surface.